You should not include references to personal communications that your reader can’t access (e.g. On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation). Double spacing (within and between references).On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order.Īpply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page: On the first line of the page, write the word “References” (in bold and centered). Place the page, right after the main body and before any appendices. On the reference page, you list all the sources that you’ve cited throughout your paper. Start the reference entry with the source title.įormatting the APA reference page The basics In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted. It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online.

Generate APA references for free Missing information *Format the title in the same way as in the corresponding reference entry (either italicized or, if the title in the reference entry is not italicized, placed in quotation marks). When the author, publication date or locator is unknown, take the steps outlined below. Pay attention to punctuation and the use of the ampersand (&) symbol. The in-text citation changes slightly when a source has multiple authors or an organization as an author. Narrative citation: Smith (2020) notes that ….Parenthetical citation: According to new research … (Smith, 2020).Both types are generated automatically when citing a source with Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator. The in-text citation can take two forms: parenthetical and narrative. If you’re citing a specific part of a source, you should also include a locator such as a page number or timestamp. You include them every time you quote or paraphrase someone else’s ideas or words.Īn APA in-text citation consists of the author’s last name and the year of publication (also known as the author-date system).

In-text citations are brief references in the running text that direct readers to the full reference entry at the end of the paper. Scribbr also offers free guides for the older APA 6th edition, Vancouver Style, and Harvard Style. This referencing guide outlines the most important referencing guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020). The Scribbr APA Reference Generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations for free.

APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences.

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